Firms must provide the right incentives if they are to get -Select- to focus on long-run value maximization. Conflicts exist between managers and stockholders and between stockholders (represented by managers) and -Select- . Managers' personal goals may compete with shareholder wealth maximization. However, managers can be motivated to act in their stockholders' best interests through (1) reasonable -Select- packages, (2) firing managers, and (3) the threat of hostile takeovers. If a firm's stock is undervalued, corporate raiders will see it as a bargain and will attempt to capture the firm in a hostile takeover. -Select- generally receive fixed payments regardless of how the firm does, while -Select- earn higher returns when the firm's earnings are higher. Investments in -Select- ventures, that have great payoffs to stockholders if successful but threaten bankruptcy if they fail, create conflicts. In addition, the use of additional -Select- increases stockholder- debtholder conflicts. Consequently, bondholders attempt to protect themselves by including -Select- in bond agreements that limit firms' use of additional -Select- and constrain -Select- actions.
Blank 1: shareholders, creditors, or managers
Blank 2: employees, debtholders, or customers
Blank 3: vacation, compensation, or perquisite
Blank 4: stockholders, bondholders
Blank 5: stockholders, bondholders
Blank 6: risky, safe
Blank 7: equity, debt, assets
Blank 8: ethics, covenants, compensation
Blank 9: equity, debt, assets
Blank 10: customers', employees', managers'
