What happens to the flow of ocean water off the South American coast under El Niño conditions?
a. Weaker trade winds cause warm surface water to flow eastward toward the coast, pushing the normally cool surface water downward.
b. Air currents moving westward cause cold water from the ocean's bottom on South America's west coast to be drawn up to the surface in a process called upwelling.
c. Cold Arctic water flows into the waters off the east coast of South America, shocking and killing fish.
d. Warm Caribbean water flows into the waters off the west coast of South America, causing dissolved oxygen levels to decline, and killing fish.
e. Polluted water from the Gulf of Mexico enters the waters around the Caribbean islands, killing coral reefs.
