(a) the large hadron collider accelerates protons to an energy of 7 tev (7 * 1012 ev). what is the speed of these protons? express the result as the difference between the proton speed and the speed of light. (b) suppose this beam were directed against a fixed target of protons to obtain the reaction p+p --> p+p+X, where x represents one or more new particles produced in the reaction. what is the maximum amount of energy available to produce the new particles? (c) at the lhc, two beams of 7 tev protons collide head on, so the energy available for particles x is 14 tev. what energy would be needed for a proton beam colliding with a fixed target to have 14 tev available to produce new particles?
