Which of the following best explains why marketers view teens as "consumers-in-training"?

a▸ Teenagers have little influence on their families' purchase decisions, but they carefully watch and model the consumer behavior of their parents.

b▸ Teenagers have little discretionary income, so they have few opportunities to make independent purchase decisions.

c▸ Marketers typically do not begin targeting consumers until they are teenagers.

d▸ Teenagers often develop brand loyalty during their adolescence, committing to a brand and continuing to purchase it for decades to come.