Question 1(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
Read the quote. Then answer the question that follows.
"Government, even in its best state, is but a necessary evil; in its worst state an intolerable one; for when we suffer or are exposed to the same miseries by a government, which we might expect in a country without government, our calamity is heightened by reflecting that we furnish the means by which we suffer."—Thomas Paine
Which of the following Enlightenment ideas does Thomas Paine reflect in the phrase “furnish the means?”
Separation of powers, because the means of government are the responsibilities of each part
Limited government, because creating a limited government would only cause suffering
Social contract, because people can agree to a bad government as easily as to a good one
Natural law, because leaving a people to a state of nature would cause suffering
Question 2(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
Read the quote. Then answer the question that follows.
“The god who gave us life, gave us liberty at the same time: the hand of force may destroy, but cannot disjoin them.” – Thomas Jefferson
Which of the following Enlightenment ideas does Thomas Jefferson support in this quote?
separation of powers
limited government
social contract
natural rights
Question 3(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
Which of Europe's Enlightenment philosophers wrote about natural rights?
John Locke
Baron de Montesquieu
George Washington
Thomas Hobbes
Question 4(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
The ancient Romans influenced the Enlightenment thinkers and the Founding Fathers. Which of the following events best reflects the republican government of ancient Rome?
A town holds a meeting, and every citizen present votes to make a decision.
People vote for representatives who will make decisions on their behalf.
The president makes a speech about the need to protect rights for all citizens.
National leaders decide to split government into three separate branches.
Question 5(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
Which of the following ideas is about dividing government into legislative, judicial, and executive branches?
Separation of powers
Social contract
Natural rights
Will of the majority
Question 6(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
If people believe that separation of powers is important, which of the following would not be a government they support?
a government where responsibility is divided between groups of people
a government where a single ruler, like a king, makes all the decisions
a government with legislative, executive, and judicial branches
a government where no one group of people has all the control
Question 7(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
Which of the following ideas did both Thomas Hobbes and John Locke write about?
Social contract
Natural law
Declaration of independence
Separation of powers
Question 8(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
According to John Locke, the "natural rights" are
separation of powers
will of the majority and power
social contracts and voting
life, liberty, and property
Question 9(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
The idea of "natural rights" means that
people have the right to life, liberty, and property
government may rule because of citizen agreement
people divide government into three tasks
government has final authority over all citizens
Question 10(Multiple Choice Worth 3 points)
Imagine your local police arrest a person suspected of robbing many homes and stores. This is an example of how government
abuses the power citizens give to it
makes laws through representatives
fulfills its promise in the social contract
operates by the rule of direct democracy
