The 14th Amendment was the Amendment that gave full citizenship to anyone that is born in American soil, including former slaves. The liberties that the amendment gave were the rights of life, liberty and property and the prohibition of deprivement of those rights without the due process of law, this was a major change because before this amendment African Americans did not have those rights, they were considered property and had their right of liberty seized.
The relationship between the Union and the States during this period was rocky, especially because of the Civil War, but since the Southern States lost the war, they were required to ratify the Amendment and because of that it was called the “Reconstruction Amendment”.